Optical Fiber Technology
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The optical fiber concept has been around for more than a century. From the early experiments by John Tyndall in the guided transmission light, through the development of light-emitting diodes and lasers, and the emergence of dense wavelength-division multiplexing, the applications for optical fiber have continued to grow. Today, optical fiber technologies permeate a variety of industries. For instance, delivering high-definition broadcast (HDTV) at resolutions of 1080p has become possible through the deployment of fiber-to-the-curb (FTTc or FTTh) networks. Satellites transporting L-Band signals over fiber do not need to be demodulated, and also suffer less attenuation.
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Interferometric Intensity Noise (IIN)
Noise generated in optical fiber caused by the distributed back reflection that all fiber generates mainly due to Rayleigh scattering. OTDRs make use of this scattering power to deduce the fiber loss over distance.